LEO CG 16 Channel USB GPIO Module User Manual [CG16A]

1.Introduction

SKU	Description	Operating temperature
NLEUG016A	LEO CG 16 Channel USB GPIO Module - CG16A	-40 ℃ to 85 ℃

The Numato Lab LEO CG 16 Channel USB GPIO Module is a versatile and reliable USB-based control and monitoring interface designed for industrial automation, test systems, embedded applications, and system integration. Combining digital inputs, digital outputs, low-voltage GPIOs, and analog inputs in a single compact module, the LEO CG module provides a flexible solution for applications that require both control and measurement capabilities.

This modules enables seamless control and monitoring of digital signals over USB through a clean, human-readable command interface. This streamlined approach simplifies system integration, allowing developers, engineers, and system integrators to build reliable automation and test solutions without the complexity of conventional communication protocols.

Designed with an industrial-grade architecture, the LEO CG 16 Channel USB GPIO Module supports 16 high-voltage digital inputs and 16 high-voltage digital outputs, with signal levels of up to 24V. This makes the module suitable for interfacing with a wide range of industrial sensors, switches, actuators, and control systems.

In addition to its high-voltage I/O, the module provides 8 dedicated 3.3V GPIOs, offering flexible low-voltage digital interfacing for embedded and electronic applications. These GPIOs are multiplexed with 8 analog input channels and 2 PWM channels, allowing the same pins to be used for digital I/O, analog signal acquisition, or PWM output depending on the application requirements.

To further enhance automation and system reliability, this module includes:

Smart Action Engine for rule-based, event-driven automation and standalone operation.
Advanced GPIO Timer Functionality for accurate and repeatable output control.
Integrated I/O Failsafe Engine to help maintain safe and predictable operation during defined fault conditions.
USB Command-Line Interface for simple and reliable host-based control.
Configurable GPIO functionality for flexible digital interfacing.
Analog Input Capability for monitoring variable voltage signals through the multiplexed 3.3V GPIO channels.

With its combination of high-voltage digital I/O, low-voltage GPIO, analog inputs, and intelligent automation features, the LEO CG16 delivers a powerful and flexible platform for modern control and monitoring applications.

Whether used in industrial automation, test and measurement, machine interfacing, data acquisition, or standalone edge automation, the LEO CG 16 Channel USB GPIO Module provides a reliable, user-centric solution for digital control and signal monitoring.

Board Features

16 High-Voltage Digital Inputs – Supports input signals up to 24V
16 High-Voltage Digital Outputs – Supports output signals up to 24V
8 GPIOs – Supports 3.3V signals.
8 Analog Inputs multiplexed with the 3.3V GPIOs
2 PWM Channels multiplexed with the 3.3V GPIOs
USB Connectivity for convenient host-based control
Human-Readable Command-Line Interface
Smart Action Engine for rule-based automation and standalone operation
Advanced GPIO Timer Functionality
Configurable I/O Failsafe Engine
DIN Rail Mount Compatibility
RGB Status Indicator
Device Reset and Factory Reset Switch

Applications

Industrial Automation and Control
Machine and Equipment Monitoring
Building and Facility Automation
Test and Measurement Automation
Data Acquisition and Signal Monitoring
Sensor and Actuator Interfacing
Power Management and Sequencing
Safety and Failsafe Systems
Standalone Edge Automation
Embedded System Integration
Laboratory and Development Systems
DIY and Hobby Applications

Parameter *	Value	Unit
Basic Specifications
Number of Digital Inputs	16
Number of Digital Outputs	16
Digital circuit power supply voltage (External)	12/24	V
Maximum current drawn by digital circuitry	300	mA
Operating Temperature Range	-40 to 85	°C
Digital Inputs Specifications
Minimum DI sink current	2.05	mA
Maximum DI sink current	30	mA
Recommended sink current	10	mA
Maximum Low Voltage (VIL)	10.2	V
Minimum High Voltage (VIH)	10.5	V
Maximum High Voltage	24	V
Digital Outputs Specifications
Maximum Voltage	30	V
Load current per Output	1	A
Load per Output	12	W
GPIO, ADC and PWM
Number of GPIOs	8
Maximum High Voltage on GPIOs	3.3	V
Number of Analog Inputs [Multiplexed]	8
Analog Input Resolution	10	Bits
Number of PWM Channels	2

GPIO	ADC	PWM
IO0	ADC0	NA
IO1	ADC1	NA
IO2	ADC2	NA
IO3	ADC3	NA
IO4	ADC4	NA
IO5	ADC5	NA
IO6	ADC6	PWM0
IO7	ADC7	PWM1
3V3
GND

Action	LED Indication	Function
Single Click	The Red LED briefly turns OFF and ON, indicating that the device is restarting.	Device Reset: Resets the device and reinitializes.
Press for 7-10 seconds	The Red LED blinks continuously while the factory reset process is in progress.	Factory Reset: Device erases all the settings and restores to factory defaults.

User name	admin
Password	admin1234
Device ID	00000000
Smart Action	Disabled
GPIO Power-On	Disabled
GPIO Notify Feature	Disabled
IO Failsafe	Disabled

Error Code	Error Name	Description
-3	Invalid Command	The device does not recognise the entered command
-2	Invalid Argument	One or more parameters are incorrect
-51	Invalid Output Timer Limit	Timer delay is outside the allowed range
-41	Invalid Smart Engine Mode	The IO is already set to a different smart engine mode
-42	Invalid Output Value	The output value is outside the allowed range in the smart action engine

No.	Command	Parameters	Example	Description
1	ver	None	ver	Returns firmware Version
2	id	get/set xxxxxxxx	id get, id set 12345678	Reads/Sets id of the module
3	usr	get/set xxxxxxxx	usr get, usr set admin	Reads/Sets User name
4	pass	get/set xxxxxxxx	pass get, pass set admin	Reads/Sets Password
5	usr auth	get/on/off	usr auth get, usr auth on, usr auth off	Returns User Auth status, Enable/Disable Authentication
6	gpi	gpi read [input number], gpi notify on/off/get	gpi read 000, gpi read, gpi notify on, gpi notify off. gpi notify get	Monitor General Purpose Input
7	gpo	set/clear/status [gpo number]/ set all/clear all/ write [gpo_group] [gpo_map]/ pwron [gpo_group] [gpo_map]/ tmr get [gpo_number]/disable [gpo_number]/[gpo_number] [mode] [delay_seconds]	gpo set 000,gpo clear 000, gpo status 000, gpo set all, gpo clear all, gpo write A 00ff, gpo pwron A 00ff, gpo tmr get 000, gpo tmr disable 000, gpo tmr 000 M0 2	GPO Control
8	smart	get/-i/disable/ [input] [mode] [target_output] [value]	smart get 000, smart -i 000, smart disable, smart 000 L 000 1	Read configured data, clear configured input, disable entire smart action feature, configure smart feature
9	gpio	set/clear/read/status [gpio number]/writeall/iomask/iodir [value]/notify/poweron [iodir value] [gpio value]	gpio set 000, gpio clear 000, gpio read 000, gpio status 000, gpio status, gpio writeall ff, gpio iodir 00, gpio iodir A 0000 gpio notify on, gpio notify off, gpio notify get, gpio poweron 00 ff	Control and monitor the GPIOs
10	adc	read [adc number]	adc read 000	Read Analog to Digital Converter input value
11	pwm	status, freq xxx y, duty xxx y, disable, status/on/off xxx	pwm status, pwm freq 000 1000, pwm duty 001 50, pwm disable, pwm status 000, pwm on 001, pwm off 001	Control and monitor the PWMs.
12	fs	get input_number/reset/disable/ [input] [mode] [gpo_group] [gpo_map]	fs get 000, fs reset, fs disable, fs 000 L A 0012	Read status of IO failsafe, Manual Reset Failsafe, Disable Failsafe, Configure Failsafe
13	info	none	info	Display information about the module including Smart Action, Power-on status, and IO Failsafe
14	reboot	none	power reset	Power reset does a soft-reset.
15	fact	reset	fact reset	Perform device factory reset

No.	Command	Example	Description
1	ver	ver	This command returns the current firmware version of the device. Command Format `ver` Response Format `xxxx` xxxx – Firmware version string Description Returns the firmware version currently running on the device. Example `ver` Returns firmware version Notes The version format may vary depending on the firmware release.
2	id	id get id set xxxxxxxx	This command is used to read and configure the device ID. Command Format `id get` `id set x` x – New device ID (exactly 8 characters) Description `id get` returns the current device ID. `id set x` updates the device ID to the specified value. Example `id get` Returns the current device ID `id set DEV12345` Sets the device ID to "DEV12345" Notes The device ID must be exactly 8 characters in length. Changing the device ID may affect identification in connected systems or applications.n a new ID to the module. “x” stands for alphanumeric characters including symbols. The new ID must be exactly 8 characters in length.
3	usr	usr get usr set xxxxxxxx	This command is used to read and configure the device username. Command Format `usr get` `usr set x` x – New username (1 to 8 characters) Description `usr get` returns the current username configured on the device. `usr set x` updates the username to the specified value. Example `usr get` Returns the current username `usr set admin` Sets the username to "admin" Notes Username length must be between 1 and 8 characters. Changing the username affects authentication over the USB interface.
4	pass	pass get pass set xxxxxxxxx	This command is used to read and configure the device password. Command Format `pass get` `pass set x` x – New password (9 to 31 characters, alphanumeric and symbols supported are `!, @, ^, (, )`) Description `pass get` returns the current password configured on the device. `pass set x` updates the device password to the specified value. Example `pass get` Returns the current password `pass set admin1234` Sets the password to "admin1234" Notes Password length must be between 9 and 31 characters. Use a strong password to ensure secure access to the device. Changing the password affects authentication over the USB interface.
5	usr auth	usr auth get	This command returns the current USB authentication status. Command Format `usr auth get` Response Format `USR Authentication Disabled` – Authentication is DISABLED `USR Authentication Enabled`– Authentication is ENABLED Description Returns whether USB authentication is currently enabled or disabled. Example `usr auth get` Returns USR Authentication Enabled if authentication is enabled, otherwise USR Authentication Disabled Notes Ensure authentication is enabled for secure operation. When disabled, commands can be executed without credentials.
		usr auth on	This command enables USB authentication for the device. Command Format `usr auth on` Description Enables authentication over the USB interface. Once enabled, valid credentials are required to execute commands. Example `usr auth on` Enables USB authentication Notes Ensure valid username and password are configured before enabling authentication. If credentials are unknown, use factory reset to restore default access.
		usr auth off	This command disables USB authentication for the device. Command Format `usr auth off` Description Disables authentication over the USB interface. Once disabled, commands can be executed without requiring a username or password. Example `usr auth off` Disables USB authentication Notes Disabling authentication reduces access security. It is recommended to use this feature only in trusted environments.
6	info	info	This command displays module information, including Smart Action status, Power-on configuration, and IO Failsafe status. Command Format `info` Description Returns a summary of key module configurations in a single response. Helps in quickly verifying system setup and operational status. Example `info` Returns module configuration summary Notes The response format may vary based on firmware version. Use individual commands for detailed configuration of each feature.
7	reboot	reboot	This command performs a soft reset of the device. Command Format `reboot` Description Restarts the device without altering any stored configuration. All settings, including Smart Action, Timer, Failsafe, and credentials, remain unchanged. Example `reboot` Performs a device soft reset Notes The device will briefly disconnect and restart after execution. Use this command to recover from temporary issues or apply configuration changes.
8	fact reset	fact reset	This command performs a factory reset of the device. Command Format `fact reset` Description Restores the device to factory default settings. All configurations, including Smart Action, Timer, Failsafe, credentials, and other user-defined parameters, will be erased. Example `fact reset` Performs a device factory reset Notes The device will briefly disconnect, the LED will blink during the reset process, and the device will restart upon completion. Use this command to recover the device or reset all configurations. This action cannot be undone.

No.	Command	Example	Description
1	gpi	gpi read xxx	This command reads the current state of a specific digital input (GPI). Command Format `gpi read xxx` xxx – Digital input number (Range: 000 to 015) Response Format `0 or 1` 0 – Input is LOW 1 – Input is HIGH Description The command returns the instantaneous logic level of the selected digital input. Example `gpi read 000` Returns 0 or 1 depending on the current state of GPI 0 Notes Ensure the input number is within the valid range (000–015). The response reflects the real-time state of the input at the moment of execution.
2		gpi read	This command reads the current status of all digital inputs in a single operation and returns the values grouped by input channels. Command Format `gpi read` Response Format `A:XXXX` XXXX – Current digital input state (hexadecimal value) Description The returned value represents the state of all digital inputs in the selected group. Each bit corresponds to one input channel. 0 – GPI LOW 1 – GPI HIGH Example `A:FFFF` – All inputs in Group A are HIGH `A:0001` – GPI 0 is HIGH, all other inputs are LOW Group Representation A – Group A (first 16 digital inputs) Each bit represents one input channel 0 – GPI LOW 1 – GPI HIGH Value Range `0000` to `FFFF` (16-bit)
3		gpi notify on	This command enables digital input (GPI) change notifications. When enabled, the device monitors input state changes and sends a notification to the host whenever a change is detected. Command Format `gpi notify on` Notification Format `A:XXXX/YYYY` XXXX – Current input state YYYY – Previous input state Description A notification is sent only when a change is detected in any input bit. The value represents the state of all inputs in the group using hexadecimal format. Example `A:00FE/00FF` Previous state: `00FF` Current state: `00FE` This indicates that GPI 0 changed from HIGH (1) to LOW (0), triggering the notification. Group Representation A – Group A (first 16 digital inputs) Each bit represents one input channel 0 – GPI LOW 1 – GPI HIGH Value Range `0000` to `FFFF` (16-bit)
4		gpi notify off	This command disables the GPI change notification feature. Command Format `gpi notify off` Response Format `Gpi Notify Disabled` Description Disables automatic notifications for digital input state changes. Once disabled, the device will no longer send updates to the host when input states change. Example `gpi notify off` Disables GPI change notifications
5		gpi notify get	This command returns whether the GPI change notification feature is enabled or disabled. Command Format `gpi notify get` Response Format `Gpi Notify Enabled` or `Gpi Notify Disabled` Description Returns the current status of the gpi change notification feature. Example `gpi notify get` Returns `Gpi Notify Enabled` or `Gpi Notify Disabled`

No.	Command	Example	Description
1	gpo	gpo set xxx	This command sets a specific GPO channel HIGH. Command Format `gpo set xxx` xxx – GPO number (Range: 000 to 015, numbering starts from 0) Description Set to HIGH the selected GPO channel. Example `gpo set 000` GPO 0 set to HIGH Notes Ensure the GPO number is within the valid range (000–015). The command immediately updates the GPO state. If a GPO is mapped to smart action or gpo timer, manual control will be restricted
2		gpo clear xxx	This command clears a specific GPO channel LOW. Command Format `gpo clear xxx` xxx – GPO number (Range: 000 to 015, numbering starts from 0) Description Clear to LOW the selected GPO channel. Example `gpo clear 000` GPO 0 clear to LOW Notes Ensure the GPO number is within the valid range (000–015). The command immediately updates the GPO state. If a GPO is mapped to smart action or gpo timer, manual control will be restricted
3		gpo status xxx	This command returns the current status of a specific GPO channel. Command Format `gpo status xxx` xxx – GPO number (Range: 000 to 015, numbering starts from 0) Response Format `0 or 1` 1 – GPO is High 0 – GPO is Low Description Returns the current state of the selected GPO channel. Example `gpo status 000` Returns status of GPO 0 Notes Ensure the GPO number is within the valid range (000–015). The response reflects the real-time state of the GPO at the moment of execution.
4		gpo status	This command reads the current status of all GPOs in a single operation. Command Format `gpo status` Response Format `A:XXXX` XXXX – Current GPO state (hexadecimal value) Description The returned value represents the state of all gpos in the selected group. Each bit corresponds to one gpo channel. 0 – GPO low 1 – GPO high Example `A:0000` – All GPOs are low `A:FFFF` – All GPOs are high Group Representation A – Group A (first 16 GPOs) Each bit represents one GPO channel Value Range `0000` to `FFFF` (16-bit)
5		gpo set all	This command sets HIGH all GPOs channels. Command Format `gpo set all` Description Turns ON all GPOs in a single operation, regardless of their current state. Example `gpo set all` Sets High all GPOS. Notes This command immediately sets all GPO outputs to High. It overrides any previously set GPO states. If a GPO is mapped to smart action or GPO timer, manual control will be restricted
6		gpo clear all	This command clears to Low all GPO channels. Command Format `gpo clear all` Description Clears to Low all GPOs in a single operation, regardless of their current state. Example `gpo clear all` Clears to Low all GPOs Notes This command immediately sets all GPO outputs to Low. It overrides any previously set GPO states. If a GPO is mapped to smart action or GPO timer, manual control will be restricted
7		gpo write A xxxx	This command controls all GPOs in a single operation using a hexadecimal value. Command Format `gpo write G xxxx` G – GPO group identifier A – Group A (GPOs 0 to 15) xxxx – GPO state value (hexadecimal) Description Sets the state of multiple GPOs simultaneously. Each bit in the hexadecimal value represents one GPO in the group. Bit Representation 0 – GPO low 1 – GPO high Example `gpo write A FFFF` – All GPOs set to HIGH in Group A Value Range `0000` to `FFFF` (16-bit) Notes Each bit position corresponds to a GPO channel within the group. Ensure correct bit mapping to avoid unintended GPO switching. If a GPO is mapped to smart action or GPO timer, manual control will be restricted
8		gpo pwron A xxxx	This command configures the default GPO state that is applied when the module powers on or resets. Command Format `gpo pwron G xxxx` G – GPO group identifier A – Group A (first 16 GPOs) xxxx – GPO power-on state value (hexadecimal) Description Defines the GPO states that will be applied automatically when the device powers on or resets. Each bit in the hexadecimal value represents the power-on state of one GPO. Bit Representation 0 – GPO LOW 1 – GPO HIGH Example `gpo pwron A 0003` 0000 0000 0000 0011 → GPOs 0 and 1 HIGH, all other GPOs LOW Value Range `0000` to `FFFF` (16-bit) Notes The configured GPO state is applied automatically during device power-up or reset. Ensure correct bit mapping to avoid unintended GPO state changes. If a GPO is mapped to a Smart Action or GPO timer, manual control will be restricted.
9		gpo pwron get	This command returns the poweron value. Command Format `gpo pwron get` Response Format `Poweron Value : xxxx` xxxx – 0000 to FFFF Description Returns Poweron Value configured for GPOs. Example `gpo pwron get` `Poweron Value: 05F3` Indicates that GPO 0,1,4-8 and 10 are configured as high and others are configures ad low on poweron.
10		gpo pwron disable	This command disables the GPO poweron feature. Command Format `gpo pwron disable` Description Disables the poweron feature configured for GPOs. Once disabled, the GPO will no longer operate based on the poweron value configured. Example `gpo pwron disable` – Disables the poweron feature for GPOs.
11		gpo tmr get xxx	This command returns the current configuration and status of a specific GPO timer. Command Format `gpo tmr get xxx` xxx – GPO number (Range: 000 to 015, numbering starts from 0) Response Format `Mx D:yyyy` M:Mx – Timer mode (M0 [Delayed HIGH], M1 [Delayed LOW], M2 [Toggle]) D:yyyy – Delay value in seconds Description Returns the timer configuration for the selected GPO. Includes the configured timer mode and delay value. Example `gpo tmr get 000` – Returns timer status for GPO 0. Notes Ensure the GPO number is within the valid range (000–015). If no timer is configured, the response will indicate `timer not active`.
12		gpo tmr get	This command returns the list of GPOs with timer configurations. Command Format `gpo tmr get` Response Format `Active timers: xxx xxx xxx` xxx – GPO numbers with timer configured Description Returns a list of GPO channels for which timer functionality is currently configured. Only GPOs with active timer settings are included in the response. Example `gpo tmr get` `Active timers: 000 002 005` Indicates that GPO timers are configured on GPO 0, 2, and 5. Notes If no GPO timers are configured, the response may indicate an empty or default state. Use `gpo tmr get xxx` to view the detailed timer configuration of a specific GPO.
13		gpo tmr disable xxx	This command disables the GPO timer configuration for the specified GPO channel. Command Format `gpo tmr disable xxx` xxx – GPO number (Range: 000 to 015) Description Disables the timer configured for the selected GPO. Once disabled, the GPO will no longer operate based on the timer settings. Example `gpo tmr disable 000` – Disables the timer for GPO 0. Notes Ensure the GPO number is within the valid range (000–015).
14		gpo tmr disable	This command disables the GPO Timer feature for all GPO channels. Command Format `gpo tmr disable` Description Disables all configured GPO timers. Once disabled, no GPO will operate based on timer settings. Example `gpo tmr disable` – Disables all GPO timer operations. Notes Use the GPO timer configuration command to re-enable timer-based behavior.
15		gpo tmr [gpo_number] [timer_mode] [timer_delay]	This command configures the timer behavior of a specific GPO channel, enabling precise control over GPO output states based on time. Command Format `gpo tmr xxx mode delay` xxx – GPO number (Range: 000 to 015) mode – Defines the operating mode of the GPO timer M0 – Delayed HIGH M1 – Delayed LOW M2 – Toggle Timer delay – Time delay in seconds (Range: 1 to 3600 seconds) Description Configures time-based behavior for the selected GPO channel. The GPO output state changes according to the selected mode and delay value. Examples `gpo tmr 000 M0 1` – Sets GPO 0 HIGH after a delay of 1 second `gpo tmr 000 M1 4` – Sets GPO 0 LOW after a delay of 4 seconds `gpo tmr 000 M2 10` – Toggles GPO 0 every 10 seconds Notes Timer configurations are persistent and remain active even after a power reset. A configured timer continues to operate until it is explicitly disabled or the device is factory reset. If a GPO is already mapped to a Smart Action, a GPO timer cannot be configured.

No.	Command	Example	Description
1	gpio	gpio status xxx	This command returns the current status of a specific GPIO channel. Command Format `gpio status xxx` xxx – GPIO number (Range: 000 to 007, numbering starts from 0) Response Format `0 or 1` 1 – GPIO is High 0 – GPIO is Low Description Returns the current state of the selected GPIO channel. Example `gpio status 000` Returns status of GPIO 0 Notes Ensure the GPIO number is within the valid range (000–007). The response reflects the real-time state of the GPIO at the moment of execution.
2		gpio status A	This command reads the current status of all GPOs in group A in a single operation. Command Format `gpio status A` Response Format `A:XXXX` XXXX – Current GPIO state (hexadecimal value) Description The returned value represents the state of all gpios in the selected group. Each bit corresponds to one gpio channel. 0 – GPIO low 1 – GPIO high Example `A:0000` – All GPIOs are low `A:00FF` – All GPIOs are high Group Representation A – Group A (first 16 GPIOs) Each bit represents one GPIO channel Value Range `0000` to `00FF` (8-bit)
3		gpio status	This command reads the current status of all GPIOs in a single operation. Command Format `gpio status` Response Format `A:XXXX` XXXX – Current GPIO state (hexadecimal value) Description The returned value represents the state of all gpios in the selected group. Each bit corresponds to one gpio channel. 0 – GPIO low 1 – GPIO high Example `A:0000` – All GPIOs are low `A:00FF` – All GPIOs are high Group Representation A – Group A (first 16 GPOs) Each bit represents one GPIO channel Value Range `0000` to `00FF` (8-bit)
4		gpio set xxx	This command sets a specific GPIO channel HIGH. Command Format `gpio set xxx` xxx – GPIO number (Range: 000 to 007, numbering starts from 0) Description Set to HIGH the selected GPIO channel. Example `gpio set 000` GPIO 0 set to HIGH Notes Ensure the GPIO number is within the valid range (000–007). The command immediately updates the GPIO state.
5		gpio write A xxxx	This command sets the output state of GPIOs in Group A in a single operation. Command Format `gpio write A xxxx` A – Group identifier (Group A represents the first 8 GPIO channels). xxxx – 8-bit hexadecimal value (Range: 0000 to 00FF). Do not prepend `0x` to the value. Description Sets the output state of all 8 GPIO channels in Group A simultaneously based on the specified hexadecimal value. - 0 – Sets the corresponding GPIO output to LOW. - 1 – Sets the corresponding GPIO output to HIGH. Examples `gpio write A 0000` Sets all GPIO outputs in Group A to LOW. `gpio write A 00FF` Sets all GPIO outputs in Group A to HIGH. Notes Each bit in the hexadecimal value corresponds to a GPIO channel in Group A. Ensure the corresponding GPIO channels are configured as outputs before executing this command.
6		gpio clear xxx	This command clears a specific GPIO channel LOW. Command Format `gpio clear xxx` xxx – GPIO number (Range: 000 to 007, numbering starts from 0) Description Clear to LOW the selected GPIO channel. Example `gpio clear 000` GPIO 0 clear to LOW Notes Ensure the GPIO number is within the valid range (000–007). The command immediately updates the GPOO state.
7		gpio set all	This command sets HIGH all GPIO channels. Command Format `gpio set all` Description Turns ON all GPIOs in a single operation, regardless of their current state. Example `gpio set all` Sets High all GPIOS. Notes This command immediately sets all GPIO outputs to High. It overrides any previously set GPIO states. If a GPIO is mapped to GPIO timer, manual control will be restricted
8		gpio clear all	This command clears to Low all GPIO channels. Command Format `gpio clear all` Description Clears to Low all GPIOs in a single operation, regardless of their current state. Example `gpio clear all` Clears to Low all GPIOs Notes This command immediately sets all GPIO outputs to Low. It overrides any previously set GPIO states. If a GPIO is mapped to GPIO timer, manual control will be restricted
9		gpio pwron A xxxx XXXX	This command sets the poweron value to GPIOs in group A. Command Format `gpio pwron A xxxx XXXX` xxxx – GPIO direction [0 – output, 1 – input] XXXX –poweron value [0 – Clear GPIO, 1- Set GPIO] Description Sets the GPIO status on power-on according to the hexadecimal value and IO direction mentioned. gpio poweron 000f 005d Example `‘000f’ ‘005d’ – 0000 0000 0000 1111 0000 0000 0101 1101` GPIOs 0 to 3 – input GPIOs 4 to 7 – output Set GPIOs 0,2,3,4&6, Clear GPIOs 1,5&7
10		gpio pwron get	This command returns the power-on output state configured for all GPIO channels. Command Format `gpio pwron get` Response Format `Poweron Value : xxxx` xxxx – 8-bit hexadecimal value (Range: 0000 to 00FF). Description Returns the power-on value configured for the GPIO channels, indicating the output state each GPIO assumes when the module is powered on. Example `gpio pwron get` Returns `Poweron Value: 00F3` Indicates that GPIO 0, 1, and 4–7 are configured HIGH, while the remaining GPIOs are configured LOW on power-on. Notes Each bit in the hexadecimal value corresponds to a GPIO channel: - 1 – GPIO is configured HIGH on power-on. - 0 – GPIO is configured LOW on power-on.
11		gpio pwron disable	This command disables the GPIO power-on feature. Command Format `gpio pwron disable` Description Disables the power-on feature configured for the GPIO channels. Once disabled, the GPIOs will no longer be set to their configured power-on values when the module is powered on. Example `gpio pwron disable` Disables the power-on feature for all GPIO channels. Notes Disabling this feature does not erase the previously configured power-on values.
12		gpio read xxx	This command returns the current status of a specific GPIO channel. Command Format `gpio read xxx` xxx – GPIO number (Range: 000 to 007, numbering starts from 0) Response Format `0 or 1` 1 – GPIO is High 0 – GPIO is Low Description Returns the current state of the selected GPIO channel. Example `gpio read 000` Returns status of GPIO 0. Notes Ensure the GPIO number is within the valid range (000–007). The response reflects the real-time state of the GPIO at the moment of execution.
13		gpio iodir	This command returns the I/O direction status of the GPIO channels. Command Format `gpio iodir` Response Format `IO Direction : xxxx` xxxx – I/O direction value (Range: 0000 to 00FF) Description Returns the I/O direction configuration of the GPIO channels, indicating whether each GPIO is configured as an input or output. Example `gpio iodir` Returns `IO Direction: 00F3` Indicates that GPIO 0, 1, and 4–7 are configured as inputs, while the remaining GPIOs are configured as outputs. Notes The returned value represents the I/O direction configuration of all GPIO channels. Each bit corresponds to a GPIO channel, indicating its configured direction.
14		gpio iodir A	This command returns the I/O direction status of GPIOs in Group A. Command Format `gpio iodir A` Response Format `IO Direction : xxxx` xxxx – I/O direction value (Range: 0000 to 00FF) Description Returns the I/O direction configuration of the 8 GPIO channels in Group A, indicating whether each GPIO is configured as an input or output. Example `gpio iodir A` Returns `IO Direction: 00A3` Indicates that GPIO 0, 1, 5, and 7 are configured as inputs, while GPIO 2, 3, 4, and 6 are configured as outputs. Notes The returned value represents the I/O direction configuration of all 8 GPIO channels in Group A. Each bit corresponds to a GPIO channel and indicates its configured direction.
15		gpio iodir A xxxx	This command sets the I/O direction of all GPIO channels in a single operation. Command Format `gpio iodir xx` xx – 8-bit hexadecimal value (Range: 00 to FF). Do not prepend `0x` to the value. Description Configures the direction of all GPIO channels simultaneously based on the specified hexadecimal value. - 0 – Configures the corresponding GPIO as an output. - 1 – Configures the corresponding GPIO as an input. Example `gpio iodir 00` Sets all GPIO channels as outputs. `gpio iodir FF` Sets all GPIO channels as inputs. Notes - The GPIO direction must be configured using the `gpio iodir A xxxx` command before using the `gpio read` and `gpio set all` commands. - The direction configured using the `iodir` command may be modified by subsequent `set`, `clear`, or `read` commands. This applies only to the GPIO channels accessed through these commands.
16		gpio iomask	This command returns the I/O direction status of all GPIO channels. Command Format `gpio iodir` Response Format `IO Direction : xxxx` xxxx – I/O direction value (Range: 0000 to 00FF) Description Returns the I/O direction configuration of all GPIO channels, indicating whether each GPIO is configured as an input or output. Example `gpio iodir` Returns `IO Direction: 00F3` Indicates that GPIO 0, 1, and 4–7 are configured as inputs, while the remaining GPIOs are configured as outputs. Notes Each bit in the hexadecimal value represents the direction of a corresponding GPIO channel: - 0 – GPIO configured as output. - 1 – GPIO configured as input. The response reflects the current I/O direction configuration of the GPIO channels.
17		gpio iomask A	This command returns the I/O mask status of GPIOs in Group A. Command Format `gpio iomask A` Response Format `IO Mask : xxxx` xxxx – I/O mask value (Range: 0000 to 00FF) Description Returns the I/O mask configuration of the 8 GPIO channels in Group A, indicating which GPIOs are enabled (unmasked) or disabled (masked). Example `gpio iomask A` Returns `IO Mask: 00AA` Indicates that the GPIOs corresponding to the set bits (1) are unmasked (enabled), while the GPIOs corresponding to the cleared bits (0) are masked (disabled). Notes Each bit in the hexadecimal value corresponds to a GPIO channel in Group A: - 1 – GPIO is unmasked (enabled). - 0 – GPIO is masked (disabled).
18		gpio iomask A xxxx	This command sets the mask/unmask status of all GPIO channels in a single operation. Command Format `gpio iomask xxxx` xxxx – 8-bit hexadecimal value (Range: 0000 to 00FF). Do not prepend `0x` to the value. Description Configures the mask/unmask status of all GPIO channels simultaneously based on the specified hexadecimal value. - 0 – Masks (disables) the corresponding GPIO. - 1 – Unmasks (enables) the corresponding GPIO. Examples `gpio iomask 0000` Masks all GPIO channels. `gpio iomask 00FF` Unmasks all GPIO channels. Notes Each bit in the hexadecimal value corresponds to a GPIO channel. A set bit (1) enables the corresponding GPIO, while a cleared bit (0) disables it.
19		gpio notify on	This command enables digital input (GPIO) change notifications. When enabled, the device monitors input state changes and sends a notification to the host whenever a change is detected. Command Format `gpio notify on` Notification Format `A:XXXX/YYYY` XXXX – Current input state YYYY – Previous input state Description A notification is sent only when a change is detected in any input bit. The value represents the state of all inputs in the group using hexadecimal format. Example `A:00FE/00FF` Previous state: `00FF` Current state: `00FE` This indicates that GPI 0 changed from HIGH (1) to LOW (0), triggering the notification. Group Representation A – Group A (first 16 digital inputs) Each bit represents one input channel 0 – GPI LOW 1 – GPI HIGH Value Range `0000` to `00FF` (8-bit)
20		gpio notify off	This command disables the GPI change notification feature. Command Format `gpi notify off` Response Format `Gpi Notify Disabled` Description Disables automatic notifications for digital input state changes. Once disabled, the device will no longer send updates to the host when input states change. Example `gpi notify off` Disables GPI change notifications
21		gpio notify get	This command returns whether the GPI change notification feature is enabled or disabled. Command Format `gpi notify get` Response Format `Gpi Notify Enabled` or `Gpi Notify Disabled` Description Returns the current status of the gpi change notification feature. Example `gpi notify get` Returns `Gpi Notify Enabled` or `Gpi Notify Disabled`
22	adc	adc read xxx	This command reads the analog value from a specific ADC input channel. Command Format `adc read xxx` xxx – ADC input channel number (Range: 000 to 005) Response Format `0 to 1023` Description Reads the analog voltage present at the selected ADC input and returns its corresponding digital value in the range of 0 to 1023. Examples `adc read 000` Reads the analog value from ADC input 0. `adc read 004` Reads the analog value from ADC input 4. Notes Ensure the ADC input channel number is within the valid range (000–005). The returned value represents the analog input voltage converted into a 10-bit digital value.
23	pwm	pwm status	This command returns the current status of all PWM channels in a single operation. Command Format `pwm status` Response Format `A:XXXX` A – Group identifier (Group A represents the first 16 PWM channels). XXXX – Current PWM channel state (16-bit hexadecimal value, Range: 0000 to FFFF). Description Returns the current output state of all PWM channels in Group A. Each bit in the hexadecimal value corresponds to one PWM channel. - 0 – PWM channel output is LOW. - 1 – PWM channel output is HIGH. Examples `A:0000` Indicates that all PWM channels are LOW. `A:FFFF` Indicates that all PWM channels are HIGH. Notes Each bit in the 16-bit hexadecimal value represents the output state of a corresponding PWM channel in Group A.
24		pwm status xxx	This command returns the current status of a specific PWM channel. Command Format `pwm status xxx` xxx – PWM channel number (Range: 000 to 007, numbering starts from 0). Response Format `0 or 1` - 1 – PWM channel is HIGH. - 0 – PWM channel is LOW. Description Returns the current output state of the selected PWM channel. Example `pwm status 000` Returns the status of PWM channel 0. Notes - Ensure the PWM channel number is within the valid range (000–007). - The response reflects the real-time output state of the PWM channel at the moment of execution.
25		pwm freq xxx y	This command sets the operating frequency of a specific PWM channel. Command Format `pwm freq xxx y` Parameters - xxx – PWM channel number (000 or 001). - y – Desired PWM frequency in Hz. - PWM 000: 1 Hz to 5 MHz. - PWM 001: 1000 Hz to 5 MHz. Description Sets the operating frequency of the selected PWM channel. The specified frequency must be within the supported range for that channel. Examples `pwm freq 000 1000` Sets the frequency of PWM channel 000 to 1 kHz. `pwm freq 001 5000000` Sets the frequency of PWM channel 001 to 5 MHz. Notes - Ensure the PWM channel number is either 000 or 001. - Specify the frequency in Hz and ensure it is within the supported range for the selected channel.
26		pwm duty xxx y	This command sets the duty cycle of a specific PWM channel. Command Format `pwm duty xxx y` Parameters - xxx – PWM channel number (000 or 001). - y – Desired duty cycle (Range: 0 to 100%). Description Sets the duty cycle of the selected PWM channel. The duty cycle determines the percentage of time the PWM signal remains HIGH during one complete cycle. Examples `pwm duty 000 50` Sets the duty cycle of PWM channel 000 to 50%. `pwm duty 001 75` Sets the duty cycle of PWM channel 001 to 75%. Notes - Ensure the PWM channel number is either 000 or 001. - Specify the duty cycle as a percentage between 0 and 100.
27		pwm on xxx	This command enables the PWM output of a specific channel. Command Format `pwm on xxx` Parameters - xxx – PWM channel number (000 or 001). Description Enables the PWM output on the selected channel using the previously configured frequency and duty cycle. Example `pwm on 000` Enables the PWM output on channel 000. Notes - Ensure the PWM channel number is either 000 or 001. - Configure the desired frequency and duty cycle before enabling the PWM output.
28		pwm off xxx	This command disables the PWM output of a specific channel. Command Format `pwm off xxx` Parameters - xxx – PWM channel number (000 or 001). Description Disables the PWM output on the selected channel. Example `pwm off 000` Disables the PWM output on channel 000. Notes Ensure the PWM channel number is either 000 or 001.
29		pwm disable	This command disables PWM functionality on all available PWM channels. Command Format `pwm disable` Description Disables the PWM output on all available PWM channels, stopping their PWM signal generation. Example `pwm disable` Disables all PWM channels. Notes This command disables PWM functionality on all available channels, regardless of their individual configuration.

No.	Command	Parameters	Example	Description
1	smart	get xxx/ get/ -i xxx/disable/ [input] [mode] [target_output] [value]	smart get 000, smart -i 000, smart disable, smart 000 L 000 1	Read configured data, clear configured input, disable entire smart action feature, configure smart feature
Smart Action Engine Detailed Commands
1	smart	get xxx	smart get 000	This command returns the current Smart Action configuration for a specific digital input channel. Command Format `smart get xxx` xxx – Digital input number (Range: 000 to 015) Response Format `M:L R:000:H` M – Input mode (L: LOW, H: HIGH, F: FOLLOW) R – GPO number H / L – Trigger value (HIGH / LOW) Description Returns the Smart Action settings configured for the selected digital input. Includes the operating mode, mapped GPO outputs, and configured trigger values. Example `smart get 000` – Returns the Smart Action configuration for Digital Input (GPI) 0. Notes Ensure the input number is within the valid range (000–015). If no Smart Action is configured, the response will indicate `I:000 not mapped`.
2		get	smart get	This command returns the list of digital inputs that have Smart Action configured. Command Format `smart get` Response Format `Mapped IOs: xxx xxx xxx` xxx – Digital input numbers with Smart Action configured Description Returns a list of digital input channels for which Smart Action is currently configured. Only digital inputs with Smart Action mappings are included in the response. Example `smart get` `Mapped IOs: 000 001 007` Indicates that Smart Action is configured on Digital Inputs 0, 1, and 7. Notes If no Smart Action is configured, the response may indicate an empty or default state. Use `smart get xxx` to view the detailed Smart Action configuration of a specific digital input.
3		-i xxx	smart -i 000	This command disables the Smart Action configured for the specified digital input channel. Command Format `smart -i xxx` xxx – Digital input number (Range: 000 to 015) Description Disables the Smart Action mapping configured for the selected digital input channel. The digital input remains available for normal input operation but will no longer trigger the mapped GPO actions. Example `smart -i 000` – Disables the Smart Action mapped to Digital Input (GPI) 0. Notes Ensure the input number is within the valid range (000–015).
4		disable	smart disable	This command disables the Smart Action feature for all digital input channels. Command Format `smart disable` Description Disables all configured Smart Action mappings. Once disabled, no digital input will trigger any GPO output based on Smart Action logic. Example `smart disable` – Disables the Smart Action feature for all digital inputs.
5		smart [input] [mode] [target_output] [value]	smart 000 L 000 1	This command configures the Smart Action feature. Smart Action maps digital inputs to GPO outputs and automates GPO control based on the input state. Command Format `smart xxx mode target_output value` xxx – Digital input number (Range: 000 to 015) mode – Defines the trigger condition for the GPO L – Trigger when input is LOW H – Trigger when input is HIGH F – Follow mode (GPO follows the input state) target_output – GPO to be controlled by the selected digital input (Range: 000 to 015) value – GPO output state when triggered 0 – GPO LOW 1 – GPO HIGH Not required in F (Follow) mode Description Each command links a digital input to a GPO output. The GPO action depends on the selected mode and trigger condition. Examples `smart 000 L 000 1` – When Digital Input 0 goes LOW, GPO 0 goes HIGH `smart 001 H 002 0` – When Digital Input 1 goes HIGH, GPO 2 goes LOW `smart 003 F 003` – GPO 3 follows Digital Input 3 (LOW → LOW, HIGH → HIGH) Notes The digital input index corresponds to the input specified in the command. Follow mode (F) continuously mirrors the input state without delay. If a GPO is mapped to a GPO timer, the same GPO cannot be configured with the Smart Action feature. One GPO can be mapped to only one digital input, while one digital input can have multiple GPOs mapped to it.

No.	Command	Parameters	Example	Description
1	fs	get/reset/disable/ [input] [mode] [relay_group] [relay_map]	fs get, fs reset, fs disable, fs 000 L A 0012	Read status of IO failsafe, Manual Reset Failsafe, Disable Failsafe, Configure Failsafe
IO Failsafe Control Detailed Commands
1	fs	get	fs get	This command returns the IO Failsafe configuration for the specified digital input. Command Format `fs get` Response Format `I:xxx M:X G:X V:xxxx` I:xxx – Digital input number M:X – Trigger mode (L: LOW, H: HIGH) G:X – Relay group (e.g., A) V:xxxx – Relay state value (hexadecimal) Description Returns the configured failsafe settings for the selected digital input. Includes trigger mode, relay group, and relay output value. Example `fs get` Returns failsafe configuration for Digital Input 0 Notes If no failsafe is configured, the response will indicate "FS Not Configured".
2		reset	fs reset	This command performs a manual reset of the IO Failsafe condition to resume normal device operation. Command Format `fs reset` Description Clears the active failsafe state triggered by a digital input. Restores normal operation of relay outputs and system behavior. Example `fs reset` Clears the failsafe condition and resumes operation Notes Use this command after resolving the condition that triggered the failsafe. If the trigger condition still exists, the failsafe may be reactivated immediately.
3		disable	fs disable	This command disables the IO Failsafe feature completely. Command Format `fs disable` Description Disables all configured IO Failsafe behavior. Once disabled, digital inputs will no longer trigger failsafe actions. Example `fs disable` Disables IO Failsafe feature Notes Use the configuration command to reactivate failsafe behavior.
4		fs [input] [mode] [relay_group] [relay_value]	fs 000 L A 0012	This command configures the IO Failsafe feature, enabling the module to automatically set relay states based on a defined digital input condition. Command Format `fs xxx mode G xxxx` xxx – Digital input number Note: The IO Failsafe feature currently supports Digital Input 0 only mode – Defines the trigger condition L – Trigger when input is LOW H – Trigger when input is HIGH G – Relay group identifier A – Group A (first 16 relays) xxxx – Relay state value (hexadecimal) Description Defines the relay output state when the specified digital input reaches the configured condition. Each bit in the hexadecimal value represents one relay. Bit Representation 0 – Relay OFF 1 – Relay ON Example Value `0003` – 0000 0000 0000 0011 Relays 0 and 1 ON, all others OFF Value Range `0000` to `00FF` Examples `fs 000 L A 0012` When Digital Input 0 goes LOW, relays are set according to 0012 Relay 1 and Relay 4 turn ON, all others turn OFF `fs 000 H A 0012` When Digital Input 0 goes HIGH, relays are set according to 0012 Relay 1 and Relay 4 turn ON, all others turn OFF

USB GPIO Modules